DeepTKAClassifier: Brand Classification of Total Knee Arthroplasty Implants using Explainable Deep Convolutional Neural Networks

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is one of the most successful surgical procedures worldwide. It improves quality of life, mobility, and functionality for the vast majority of patients. However, a TKA surgery may fail over time for several reasons, thus it requires a revision arthroplasty surgery. Identifying TKA implants is a critical consideration in preoperative planning of revision surgery. This study aims to develop, train, and validate deep convolutional neural network models to precisely classify four widely-used TKA implants based on only plain knee radiographs. Using 9,052 computationally annotated knee radiographs, we achieved weighted average precision, recall, and F1-score of 0.97, 0.97, and 0.97, respectively, with Cohen Kappa of 0.96.